Shifting the limits in wheat research and breeding using a fully annotated reference genome
By The International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), IWGSC RefSeq principal investigators:, Rudi Appels, Kellye Eversole, Catherine Feuillet, Beat Keller, Jane Rogers, Nils Stein, IWGSC whole-genome assembly principal investigators:, Curtis J. Pozniak, Nils Stein, Frédéric Choulet, Assaf Distelfeld, Kellye Eversole, Jesse Poland, Jane Rogers, Gil Ronen, Andrew G. Sharpe, Whole-genome sequencing and assembly:, Curtis Pozniak, Gil Ronen, Nils Stein, Omer Barad, Kobi Baruch, Frédéric Choulet, Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère, Martin Mascher, Andrew G. Sharpe, Gil Ben-Zvi, Ambre-Aurore Josselin, Hi-C data-based scaffolding:, Nils Stein, Martin Mascher, Axel Himmelbach, Whole-genome assembly quality control and analyses:, Frédéric Choulet, Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère, Martin Mascher, Jane Rogers, François Balfourier, Juan Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Matthew Hayden, Ambre-Aurore Josselin, ChuShin Koh, Gary Muehlbauer, Raj K. Pasam, Etienne Paux, Curtis J. Pozniak, Philippe Rigault, Andrew G. Sharpe, Josquin Tibbits, Vijay Tiwari, Pseudomolecule assembly:, Frédéric Choulet, Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère, Martin Mascher, Ambre-Aurore Josselin, Jane Rogers, RefSeq genome structure and gene analyses:, Manuel Spannagl, Frédéric Choulet, Daniel Lang, Heidrun Gundlach, Georg Haberer, Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Danara Ormanbekova, Etienne Paux, Verena Prade, Hana Šimková, Thomas Wicker, Automated annotation:, Frédéric Choulet, Manuel Spannagl, David Swarbreck, Hélène Rimbert, Marius Felder, Nicolas Guilhot, Heidrun Gundlach, Georg Haberer, Gemy Kaithakottil, Jens Keilwagen, Daniel Lang, Philippe Leroy, Thomas Lux, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Sven Twardziok, Luca Venturini, Manual gene curation:, Rudi Appels, Hélène Rimbert, Frédéric Choulet, Angéla Juhász, Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère, Subgenome comparative analyses:, Frédéric Choulet, Manuel Spannagl, Daniel Lang, Michael Abrouk, Georg Haberer, Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Thomas Wicker, Transposable elements:, Frédéric Choulet, Thomas Wicker, Heidrun Gundlach, Daniel Lang, Manuel Spannagl, Phylogenomic analyses:, Daniel Lang, Manuel Spannagl, Rudi Appels, Iris Fischer, Transcriptome analyses and RNA-seq data:, Cristobal Uauy, Philippa Borrill, Ricardo H. Ramirez-Gonzalez, Rudi Appels, Dominique Arnaud, Smahane Chalabi, Boulos Chalhoub, Frédéric Choulet, Aron Cory, Raju Datla, Mark W. Davey, Matthew Hayden, John Jacobs, Daniel Lang, Stephen J. Robinson, Manuel Spannagl, Burkhard Steuernagel, Josquin Tibbits, Vijay Tiwari, Fred van Ex, Brande B. H. Wulff, Whole-genome methylome:, Curtis J. Pozniak, Stephen J. Robinson, Andrew G. Sharpe, Aron Cory, Histone mark analyses:, Moussa Benhamed, Etienne Paux, Abdelhafid Bendahmane, Lorenzo Concia, David Latrasse, BAC chromosome MTP IWGSC–Bayer Whole-Genome Profiling (WGP) tags:, Jane Rogers, John Jacobs, Michael Alaux, Rudi Appels, Jan Bartoš, Arnaud Bellec, Hélène Berges, Jaroslav Doležel, Catherine Feuillet, Zeev Frenkel, Bikram Gill, Abraham Korol, Thomas Letellier, Odd-Arne Olsen, Hana Šimková, Kuldeep Singh, Miroslav Valárik, Edwin van der Vossen, Sonia Vautrin, Song Weining, Chromosome LTC mapping and physical mapping quality control:, Abraham Korol, Zeev Frenkel, Tzion Fahima, Vladimir Glikson, Dina Raats, Jane Rogers, RH mapping:, Vijay Tiwari, Bikram Gill, Etienne Paux, Jesse Poland, Optical mapping:, Jaroslav Doležel, Jarmila Číhalíková, Hana Šimková, Helena Toegelová, Jan Vrána, Recombination analyses:, Pierre Sourdille, Benoit Darrier, Gene family analyses:, Rudi Appels, Manuel Spannagl, Daniel Lang, Iris Fischer, Danara Ormanbekova, Verena Prade, CBF gene family:, Delfina Barabaschi, Luigi Cattivelli, Dehydrin gene family:, Pilar Hernandez, Sergio Galvez, Hikmet Budak, NLR gene family:, Burkhard Steuernagel, Jonathan D. G. Jones, Kamil Witek, Brande B. H. Wulff, Guotai Yu, PPR gene family:, Ian Small, Joanna Melonek, Ruonan Zhou, Prolamin gene family:, Angéla Juhász, Tatiana Belova, Rudi Appels, Odd-Arne Olsen, WAK gene family:, Kostya Kanyuka, Robert King, Stem solidness (SSt1) QTL team:, Kirby Nilsen, Sean Walkowiak, Curtis J. Pozniak, Richard Cuthbert, Raju Datla, Ron Knox, Krysta Wiebe, Daoquan Xiang, Flowering locus C (FLC) gene team:, Antje Rohde, Timothy Golds, Genome size analysis:, Jaroslav Doležel, Jana Čížková, Josquin Tibbits, MicroRNA and tRNA annotation:, Hikmet Budak, Bala Ani Akpinar, Sezgi Biyiklioglu, Genetic maps and mapping:, Gary Muehlbauer, Jesse Poland, Liangliang Gao, Juan Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Amidou N’Daiye, BAC libraries and chromosome sorting:, Jaroslav Doležel, Hana Šimková, Jarmila Číhalíková, Marie Kubaláková, Jan Šafář, Jan Vrána, BAC pooling, BAC library repository, and access:, Hélène Berges, Arnaud Bellec, Sonia Vautrin, IWGSC sequence and data repository and access:, Michael Alaux, Françoise Alfama, Anne-Françoise Adam-Blondon, Raphael Flores, Claire Guerche, Thomas Letellier, Mikaël Loaec, Hadi Quesneville, Physical maps and BAC-based sequences:, 1A BAC sequencing and assembly:, Curtis J. Pozniak, Andrew G. Sharpe, Sean Walkowiak, Hikmet Budak, Janet Condie, Jennifer Ens, ChuShin Koh, Ron Maclachlan, Yifang Tan, Thomas Wicker, 1B BAC sequencing and assembly:, Frédéric Choulet, Etienne Paux, Adriana Alberti, Jean-Marc Aury, François Balfourier, Valérie Barbe, Arnaud Couloux, Corinne Cruaud, Karine Labadie, Sophie Mangenot, Patrick Wincker, 1D, 4D, and 6D physical mapping:, Bikram Gill, Gaganpreet Kaur, Mingcheng Luo, Sunish Sehgal, 2AL physical mapping:, Kuldeep Singh, Parveen Chhuneja, Om Prakash Gupta, Suruchi Jindal, Parampreet Kaur, Palvi Malik, Priti Sharma, Bharat Yadav, 2AS physical mapping:, Nagendra K. Singh, JitendraP. Khurana, Chanderkant Chaudhary, Paramjit Khurana, Vinod Kumar, Ajay Mahato, Saloni Mathur, Amitha Sevanthi, Naveen Sharma, Ram Sewak Tomar, 2B, 2D, 4B, 5BL, and 5DL IWGSC–Bayer Whole-Genome Profiling (WGP) physical maps:, Jane Rogers, John Jacobs, Michael Alaux, Arnaud Bellec, Hélène Berges, Jaroslav Doležel, Catherine Feuillet, Zeev Frenkel, Bikram Gill, Abraham Korol, Edwin van der Vossen, Sonia Vautrin, 3AL physical mapping:, Bikram Gill, Gaganpreet Kaur, Mingcheng Luo, Sunish Sehgal, 3DS physical mapping and BAC sequencing and assembly:, Jan Bartoš, Kateřina Holušová, Ondřej Plíhal, 3DL BAC sequencing and assembly:, Matthew D. Clark, Darren Heavens, George Kettleborough, Jon Wright, 4A physical mapping, BAC sequencing, assembly, and annotation:, Miroslav Valárik, Michael Abrouk, Barbora Balcárková, Kateřina Holušová, Yuqin Hu, Mingcheng Luo, 5BS BAC sequencing and assembly:, Elena Salina, Nikolai Ravin, Konstantin Skryabin, Alexey Beletsky, Vitaly Kadnikov, Andrey Mardanov, Michail Nesterov, Andrey Rakitin, Ekaterina Sergeeva, 6B BAC sequencing and assembly:, Hirokazu Handa, Hiroyuki Kanamori, Satoshi Katagiri, Fuminori Kobayashi, Shuhei Nasuda, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, Jianzhong Wu, 7A physical mapping and BAC sequencing:, Rudi Appels, Matthew Hayden, Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère, Philippe Rigault, Josquin Tibbits, 7B physical mapping, BAC sequencing, and assembly:, Odd-Arne Olsen, Tatiana Belova, Federica Cattonaro, Min Jiumeng, Karl Kugler, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Matthias Pfeifer, Simen Sandve, Xu Xun, Bujie Zhan, 7DS BAC sequencing and assembly:, Hana Šimková, Michael Abrouk, Jacqueline Batley, Philipp E. Bayer, David Edwards, Satomi Hayashi, Helena Toegelová, Zuzana Tulpová, Paul Visendi, 7DL physical mapping and BAC sequencing:, Song Weining, Licao Cui, Xianghong Du, Kewei Feng, Xiaojun Nie, Wei Tong, Le Wang, Figures:, Philippa Borrill, Heidrun Gundlach, Sergio Galvez, Gemy Kaithakottil, Daniel Lang, Thomas Lux, Martin Mascher, Danara Ormanbekova, Verena Prade, Ricardo H. Ramirez-Gonzalez, Manuel Spannagl, Nils Stein, Cristobal Uauy, Luca Venturini, Manuscript writing team:, Nils Stein, Rudi Appels, Kellye Eversole, Jane Rogers, Philippa Borrill, Luigi Cattivelli, Frédéric Choulet, Pilar Hernandez, Kostya Kanyuka, Daniel Lang, Martin Mascher, Kirby Nilsen, Etienne Paux, Curtis J. Pozniak, Ricardo H. Ramirez-Gonzalez, Hana Šimková, Ian Small, Manuel Spannagl, David Swarbreck, Cristobal Uauy
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The 21 annotated chromosomes of bread wheat provide a foundation for innovation in research and breeding.