African Origin of Modern Humans in East Asia: A Tale of 12,000 Y Chromosomes

Yuehai Ke; Bing Su; Xiufeng Song; Daru Lu; Lifeng Chen; Hongyu Li; Chunjian Qi; Sangkot Marzuki; Ranjan Deka; Peter Underhill; Chunjie Xiao; Mark Shriver; Jeff Lell; Douglas Wallace; R Spencer Wells; Mark Seielstad; Peter Oefner; Dingliang Zhu; Jianzhong Jin; Wei Huang; Ranajit Chakraborty; Zhu Chen; Li Jin

doi:10.1126/science.1060011

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African Origin of Modern Humans in East Asia: A Tale of 12,000 Y Chromosomes

Yuehai Ke1,*,
Bing Su2,1,3,*,
Xiufeng Song1,
Daru Lu1,
Lifeng Chen1,
Hongyu Li1,
Chunjian Qi1,
Sangkot Marzuki4,
Ranjan Deka5,
Peter Underhill6,
Chunjie Xiao7,
Mark Shriver8,
Jeff Lell9,
Douglas Wallace9,
R Spencer Wells10,
Mark Seielstad11,
Peter Oefner6,
Dingliang Zhu12,
Jianzhong Jin1,
Wei Huang12,13,
Ranajit Chakraborty3,
Zhu Chen12,13,
Li Jin1,3,13,†

¹ State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, China 200443, and Morgan-Tan International Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai, China.
² Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
³ Human Genetics Center, University of Texas–Houston, 1200 Herman Pressler E547, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
⁴ Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.
⁵ Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
⁶ Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
⁷ Department of Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
⁸ Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
⁹ Center for Molecular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
¹⁰ Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK.
¹¹ Program for Population Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
¹² Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China.
¹³ National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, China.

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Science 11 May 2001:
Vol. 292, Issue 5519, pp. 1151-1153
DOI: 10.1126/science.1060011

Yuehai Ke

1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, China 200443, and Morgan-Tan International Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai, China.

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Bing Su

2 Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.

3 Human Genetics Center, University of Texas–Houston, 1200 Herman Pressler E547, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

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Xiufeng Song

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Daru Lu

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Lifeng Chen

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Hongyu Li

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Chunjian Qi

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Sangkot Marzuki

4 Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.

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Ranjan Deka

5 Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.

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Peter Underhill

6 Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

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Chunjie Xiao

7 Department of Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.

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Mark Shriver

8 Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

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Jeff Lell

9 Center for Molecular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

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Douglas Wallace

9 Center for Molecular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

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R Spencer Wells

10 Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK.

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Mark Seielstad

11 Program for Population Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

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Peter Oefner

6 Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

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Dingliang Zhu

12 Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China.

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Jianzhong Jin

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Wei Huang

12 Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China.

13 National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, China.

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Ranajit Chakraborty

3 Human Genetics Center, University of Texas–Houston, 1200 Herman Pressler E547, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

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Zhu Chen

12 Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China.

13 National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, China.

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Li Jin

3 Human Genetics Center, University of Texas–Houston, 1200 Herman Pressler E547, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

13 National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, China.

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Abstract

To test the hypotheses of modern human origin in East Asia, we sampled 12,127 male individuals from 163 populations and typed for three Y chromosome biallelic markers (YAP, M89, and M130). All the individuals carried a mutation at one of the three sites. These three mutations (YAP+, M89T, and M130T) coalesce to another mutation (M168T), which originated in Africa about 35,000 to 89,000 years ago. Therefore, the data do not support even a minimal in situ hominid contribution in the origin of anatomically modern humans in East Asia.

↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.
↵† To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ljin{at}fudan.edu or ljin{at}sph.uth.tmc.edu

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African Origin of Modern Humans in East Asia: A Tale of 12,000 Y Chromosomes

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