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Summary
A major epidemiological time-series study of particulate matter (PM) air pollution and human health has substantially reduced its effect estimates because of a software (S-PLUS) statistical problem. However, a large number of other studies have found that acute and chronic morbidity and mortality outcomes are occurring in association with PM concentrations at low and relatively common pollution levels. This will remain a serious public health concern until the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency moves to revise its currently inadequate PM standards.