Genetic Structure of the Purebred Domestic Dog

Heidi G. Parker; Lisa V. Kim; Nathan B. Sutter; Scott Carlson; Travis D. Lorentzen; Tiffany B. Malek; Gary S. Johnson; Hawkins B. DeFrance; Elaine A. Ostrander; Leonid Kruglyak

doi:10.1126/science.1097406

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Genetic Structure of the Purebred Domestic Dog

Heidi G. Parker1,2,3,
Lisa V. Kim1,2,4,
Nathan B. Sutter1,2,
Scott Carlson1,
Travis D. Lorentzen1,2,
Tiffany B. Malek1,3,
Gary S. Johnson5,
Hawkins B. DeFrance1,2,
Elaine A. Ostrander1,2,3,4,*,
Leonid Kruglyak1,3,4,6

¹ Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.
² Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.
³ Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Box 357275, Seattle, WA 98195–7275, USA.
⁴ Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195–7275, USA.
⁵ Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
⁶ Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

↵* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: eostrand{at}fhcrc.org

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Science 21 May 2004:
Vol. 304, Issue 5674, pp. 1160-1164
DOI: 10.1126/science.1097406

Heidi G. Parker

1 Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

2 Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

3 Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Box 357275, Seattle, WA 98195–7275, USA.

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Lisa V. Kim

1 Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

2 Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

4 Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195–7275, USA.

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Nathan B. Sutter

1 Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

2 Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

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Scott Carlson

1 Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

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Travis D. Lorentzen

1 Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

2 Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

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Tiffany B. Malek

1 Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

3 Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Box 357275, Seattle, WA 98195–7275, USA.

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Gary S. Johnson

5 Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.

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Hawkins B. DeFrance

1 Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

2 Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

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Elaine A. Ostrander

1 Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

2 Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

3 Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Box 357275, Seattle, WA 98195–7275, USA.

4 Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195–7275, USA.

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Leonid Kruglyak

1 Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Post Office Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

3 Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Box 357275, Seattle, WA 98195–7275, USA.

4 Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195–7275, USA.

6 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109–1024, USA.

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Abstract

We used molecular markers to study genetic relationships in a diverse collection of 85 domestic dog breeds. Differences among breeds accounted for ∼30% of genetic variation. Microsatellite genotypes were used to correctly assign 99% of individual dogs to breeds. Phylogenetic analysis separated several breeds with ancient origins from the remaining breeds with modern European origins. We identified four genetic clusters, which predominantly contained breeds with similar geographic origin, morphology, or role in human activities. These results provide a genetic classification of dog breeds and will aid studies of the genetics of phenotypic breed differences.

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Genetic Structure of the Purebred Domestic Dog

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