Worldwide Phylogeography of Wild Boar Reveals Multiple Centers of Pig Domestication

Greger Larson; Keith Dobney; Umberto Albarella; Meiying Fang; Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith; Judith Robins; Stewart Lowden; Heather Finlayson; Tina Brand; Eske Willerslev; Peter Rowley-Conwy; Leif Andersson; Alan Cooper

doi:10.1126/science.1106927

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Worldwide Phylogeography of Wild Boar Reveals Multiple Centers of Pig Domestication

Greger Larson1,*,
Keith Dobney2,
Umberto Albarella3,
Meiying Fang4,
Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith5,
Judith Robins5,
Stewart Lowden6,
Heather Finlayson7,
Tina Brand8,
Eske Willerslev1,
Peter Rowley-Conwy2,
Leif Andersson4,
Alan Cooper1,*,†

¹ Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, South Parks Road OX1 3PS, UK.
² Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3L, UK.
³ Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, West Street, Sheffield S1 4ET, UK.
⁴ Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Box 597, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden.
⁵ Department of Anthropology and Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Auckland, P.B. 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁶ Jurox Pty Limited, 85 Gardiners Road, Rutherford, NSW, 2320, Australia.
⁷ Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9PS, UK.
⁸ Department of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark.

↵* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: greger.larson{at}zoo.ox.ac.uk (G.L.) and alan.cooper{at}adelaide.edu.au (A.C.)

↵† Present address: School of Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

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Science 11 Mar 2005:
Vol. 307, Issue 5715, pp. 1618-1621
DOI: 10.1126/science.1106927

Greger Larson

Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, South Parks Road OX1 3PS, UK.

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For correspondence: greger.larson@zoo.ox.ac.uk alan.cooper@adelaide.edu.au

Keith Dobney

Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3L, UK.

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Umberto Albarella

Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, West Street, Sheffield S1 4ET, UK.

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Meiying Fang

Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Box 597, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden.

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Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith

Department of Anthropology and Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Auckland, P.B. 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.

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Judith Robins

Department of Anthropology and Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Auckland, P.B. 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.

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Stewart Lowden

Jurox Pty Limited, 85 Gardiners Road, Rutherford, NSW, 2320, Australia.

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Heather Finlayson

Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9PS, UK.

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Tina Brand

Department of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark.

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Eske Willerslev

Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, South Parks Road OX1 3PS, UK.

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Peter Rowley-Conwy

Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3L, UK.

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Leif Andersson

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Alan Cooper

Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, South Parks Road OX1 3PS, UK.

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For correspondence: greger.larson@zoo.ox.ac.uk alan.cooper@adelaide.edu.au

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Abstract

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from 686 wild and domestic pig specimens place the origin of wild boar in island Southeast Asia (ISEA), where they dispersed across Eurasia. Previous morphological and genetic evidence suggested pig domestication took place in a limited number of locations (principally the Near East and Far East). In contrast, new genetic data reveal multiple centers of domestication across Eurasia and that European, rather than Near Eastern, wild boar are the principal source of modern European domestic pigs.

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Worldwide Phylogeography of Wild Boar Reveals Multiple Centers of Pig Domestication

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