Research Article
The Chlamydomonas Genome Reveals the Evolution of Key Animal and Plant Functions
- Sabeeha S. Merchant1,*,
- Simon E. Prochnik2,*,
- Olivier Vallon3,
- Elizabeth H. Harris4,
- Steven J. Karpowicz1,
- George B. Witman5,
- Astrid Terry2,
- Asaf Salamov2,
- Lillian K. Fritz-Laylin6,
- Laurence Maréchal-Drouard7,
- Wallace F. Marshall8,
- Liang-Hu Qu9,
- David R. Nelson10,
- Anton A. Sanderfoot11,
- Martin H. Spalding12,
- Vladimir V. Kapitonov13,
- Qinghu Ren14,
- Patrick Ferris15,
- Erika Lindquist2,
- Harris Shapiro2,
- Susan M. Lucas2,
- Jane Grimwood16,
- Jeremy Schmutz16,
- Pierre Cardol3,17,
- Heriberto Cerutti18,
- Guillaume Chanfreau1,
- Chun-Long Chen9,
- Valérie Cognat7,
- Martin T. Croft19,
- Rachel Dent20,
- Susan Dutcher21,
- Emilio Fernández22,
- Hideya Fukuzawa23,
- David González-Ballester24,
- Diego González-Halphen25,
- Armin Hallmann26,
- Marc Hanikenne17,
- Michael Hippler27,
- William Inwood20,
- Kamel Jabbari28,
- Ming Kalanon29,
- Richard Kuras3,
- Paul A. Lefebvre11,
- Stéphane D. Lemaire30,
- Alexey V. Lobanov31,
- Martin Lohr32,
- Andrea Manuell33,
- Iris Meier34,
- Laurens Mets35,
- Maria Mittag36,
- Telsa Mittelmeier37,
- James V. Moroney38,
- Jeffrey Moseley24,
- Carolyn Napoli39,
- Aurora M. Nedelcu40,
- Krishna Niyogi20,
- Sergey V. Novoselov31,
- Ian T. Paulsen14,
- Greg Pazour41,
- Saul Purton42,
- Jean-Philippe Ral43,
- Diego Mauricio Riaño-Pachón44,
- Wayne Riekhof45,
- Linda Rymarquis46,
- Michael Schroda47,
- David Stern48,
- James Umen15,
- Robert Willows49,
- Nedra Wilson50,
- Sara Lana Zimmer48,
- Jens Allmer51,
- Janneke Balk19,
- Katerina Bisova52,
- Chong-Jian Chen9,
- Marek Elias53,
- Karla Gendler39,
- Charles Hauser54,
- Mary Rose Lamb55,
- Heidi Ledford20,
- Joanne C. Long1,
- Jun Minagawa56,
- M. Dudley Page1,
- Junmin Pan57,
- Wirulda Pootakham24,
- Sanja Roje58,
- Annkatrin Rose59,
- Eric Stahlberg34,
- Aimee M. Terauchi1,
- Pinfen Yang60,
- Steven Ball61,
- Chris Bowler28,62,
- Carol L. Dieckmann37,
- Vadim N. Gladyshev31,
- Pamela Green46,
- Richard Jorgensen39,
- Stephen Mayfield33,
- Bernd Mueller-Roeber44,
- Sathish Rajamani63,
- Richard T. Sayre34,
- Peter Brokstein2,
- Inna Dubchak2,
- David Goodstein2,
- Leila Hornick2,
- Y. Wayne Huang2,
- Jinal Jhaveri2,
- Yigong Luo2,
- Diego Martínez2,
- Wing Chi Abby Ngau2,
- Bobby Otillar2,
- Alexander Poliakov2,
- Aaron Porter2,
- Lukasz Szajkowski2,
- Gregory Werner2,
- Kemin Zhou2,
- Igor V. Grigoriev2,
- Daniel S. Rokhsar2,6,‡,
- Arthur R. Grossman24,‡
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- 2 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
- 3 CNRS, Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France.
- 4 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
- 5 Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
- 6 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- 7 Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
- 8 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
- 9 Biotechnology Research Center, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- 10 Department of Molecular Sciences and Center of Excellence in Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- 11 Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- 12 Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
- 13 Genetic Information Research Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
- 14 The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
- 15 Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- 16 Stanford Human Genome Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
- 17 Plant Biology Institute, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
- 18 University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Biological Sciences–Plant Science Initiative, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
- 19 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
- 20 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- 21 Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- 22 Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
- 23 Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
- 24 Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA 94306, USA.
- 25 Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510 DF, Mexico.
- 26 Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
- 27 Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany.
- 28 CNRS UMR 8186, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris, France.
- 29 Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, The School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- 30 Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR 8618, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
- 31 Department of Biochemistry, N151 Beadle Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588–0664, USA.
- 32 Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
- 33 Department of Cell Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- 34 PCMB and Plant Biotechnology Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- 35 Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- 36 Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- 37 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
- 38 Department of Biological Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
- 39 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
- 40 Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 6E1.
- 41 Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
- 42 Department of Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
- 43 Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR8576 CNRS/USTL, IFR 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Cedex, France.
- 44 Universität Potsdam, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, D-14476 Golm, Germany.
- 45 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
- 46 Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
- 47 Institute of Biology II/Plant Biochemistry, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- 48 Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- 49 Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
- 50 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA.
- 51 Izmir Ekonomi Universitesi, 35330 Balcova-Izmir Turkey.
- 52 Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic.
- 53 Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
- 54 Bioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704, USA.
- 55 Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98407, USA.
- 56 Institute of Low-Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0819, Japan.
- 57 Department of Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 100084.
- 58 Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA99164, USA.
- 59 Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
- 60 Department of Biology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
- 61 UMR8576 CNRS, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
- 62 Cell Signaling Laboratory, Stazione Zoologica, I 80121 Naples, Italy.
- 63 Graduate Program in Biophysics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- ↵‡ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dsrokhsar{at}lbl.gov (D.S.R.); arthurg{at}stanford.edu (A.R.G.)
↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Science 12 Oct 2007:
Vol. 318, Issue 5848, pp. 245-250
DOI: 10.1126/science.1143609
Vol. 318, Issue 5848, pp. 245-250
DOI: 10.1126/science.1143609
Sabeeha S. Merchant
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Simon E. Prochnik
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Olivier Vallon
CNRS, Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France.
Elizabeth H. Harris
Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Steven J. Karpowicz
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
George B. Witman
Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
Astrid Terry
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Asaf Salamov
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Lillian K. Fritz-Laylin
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Laurence Maréchal-Drouard
Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
Wallace F. Marshall
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Liang-Hu Qu
Biotechnology Research Center, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
David R. Nelson
Department of Molecular Sciences and Center of Excellence in Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Anton A. Sanderfoot
Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Martin H. Spalding
Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Vladimir V. Kapitonov
Genetic Information Research Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
Qinghu Ren
The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Patrick Ferris
Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Erika Lindquist
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Harris Shapiro
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Susan M. Lucas
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Jane Grimwood
Stanford Human Genome Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Jeremy Schmutz
Stanford Human Genome Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Pierre Cardol
CNRS, Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France. Plant Biology Institute, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
Heriberto Cerutti
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Biological Sciences–Plant Science Initiative, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
Guillaume Chanfreau
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Chun-Long Chen
Biotechnology Research Center, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
Valérie Cognat
Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
Martin T. Croft
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
Rachel Dent
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Susan Dutcher
Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Emilio Fernández
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Hideya Fukuzawa
Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
David González-Ballester
Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA 94306, USA.
Diego González-Halphen
Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510 DF, Mexico.
Armin Hallmann
Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
Marc Hanikenne
Plant Biology Institute, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
Michael Hippler
Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany.
William Inwood
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Kamel Jabbari
CNRS UMR 8186, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris, France.
Ming Kalanon
Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, The School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
Richard Kuras
CNRS, Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France.
Paul A. Lefebvre
Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Stéphane D. Lemaire
Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR 8618, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
Alexey V. Lobanov
Department of Biochemistry, N151 Beadle Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588–0664, USA.
Martin Lohr
Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
Andrea Manuell
Department of Cell Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Iris Meier
PCMB and Plant Biotechnology Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Laurens Mets
Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Maria Mittag
Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Telsa Mittelmeier
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
James V. Moroney
Department of Biological Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Jeffrey Moseley
Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA 94306, USA.
Carolyn Napoli
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Aurora M. Nedelcu
Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 6E1.
Krishna Niyogi
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Sergey V. Novoselov
Department of Biochemistry, N151 Beadle Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588–0664, USA.
Ian T. Paulsen
The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Greg Pazour
Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Saul Purton
Department of Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Jean-Philippe Ral
Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR8576 CNRS/USTL, IFR 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Cedex, France.
Diego Mauricio Riaño-Pachón
Universität Potsdam, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, D-14476 Golm, Germany.
Wayne Riekhof
Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
Linda Rymarquis
Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
Michael Schroda
Institute of Biology II/Plant Biochemistry, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
David Stern
Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
James Umen
Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Robert Willows
Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
Nedra Wilson
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA.
Sara Lana Zimmer
Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Jens Allmer
Izmir Ekonomi Universitesi, 35330 Balcova-Izmir Turkey.
Janneke Balk
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
Katerina Bisova
Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic.
Chong-Jian Chen
Biotechnology Research Center, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
Marek Elias
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
Karla Gendler
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Charles Hauser
Bioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704, USA.
Mary Rose Lamb
Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98407, USA.
Heidi Ledford
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Joanne C. Long
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Jun Minagawa
Institute of Low-Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0819, Japan.
M. Dudley Page
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Junmin Pan
Department of Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 100084.
Wirulda Pootakham
Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA 94306, USA.
Sanja Roje
Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA99164, USA.
Annkatrin Rose
Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
Eric Stahlberg
PCMB and Plant Biotechnology Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Aimee M. Terauchi
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Pinfen Yang
Department of Biology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
Steven Ball
UMR8576 CNRS, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
Chris Bowler
CNRS UMR 8186, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris, France. Cell Signaling Laboratory, Stazione Zoologica, I 80121 Naples, Italy.
Carol L. Dieckmann
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Vadim N. Gladyshev
Department of Biochemistry, N151 Beadle Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588–0664, USA.
Pamela Green
Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
Richard Jorgensen
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Stephen Mayfield
Department of Cell Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Bernd Mueller-Roeber
Universität Potsdam, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, D-14476 Golm, Germany.
Sathish Rajamani
Graduate Program in Biophysics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Richard T. Sayre
PCMB and Plant Biotechnology Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Peter Brokstein
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Inna Dubchak
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
David Goodstein
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Leila Hornick
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Y. Wayne Huang
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Jinal Jhaveri
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Yigong Luo
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Diego Martínez
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Wing Chi Abby Ngau
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Bobby Otillar
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Alexander Poliakov
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Aaron Porter
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Lukasz Szajkowski
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Gregory Werner
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Kemin Zhou
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Igor V. Grigoriev
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
Daniel S. Rokhsar
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Arthur R. Grossman
Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA 94306, USA.
