Contents
Vol 337, Issue 6091
Special Issue
HIV/AIDS in America
Introduction to Special Issue
News
- The Many States of HIV in America
Treatment as prevention promises to help the infected and dramatically slow the spread of the virus, but the epidemic's changing demographics present myriad challenges in this diverse country.
- A Southern HIV/AIDS Program With All the Fixins
Here in the heart of the Deep South, the University of Alabama, Birmingham, has built a full-service HIV/AIDS center modeled on the widely praised program at San Francisco General Hospital.
- By the People, For the People
My Brother's Keeper is the only community-based organization in Mississippi that focuses on those who bear the brunt of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the state: young black men who have sex with men.
- And the Band Played On, Vol. 2
If its large public hospital, Grady Memorial, is any measure, Atlanta currently has one of the most out-of-control AIDS epidemics in the country.
- A Concerted Effort to Lighten the Load
The San Francisco Department of Public Health has mapped the amount of virus in every neighborhood and risk group, which helps guide both treatment and prevention efforts.
- Life in the Fast Lane: HIV and Meth
Methamphetamine use on the West Coast has become intimately linked to HIV in men who have sex with men (MSM). HIV prevalence in MSM has climbed in lockstep with the intensity of meth use.
- My Virus Is Your Virus
An 8-year-old U.S.-government-funded HIV/AIDS research study has shown how readily the virus makes a mockery of the U.S.-Mexico border and creates one regional epidemic.
- Miracle on 34th Street: Success With Injectors
Although New York City's population of injecting drug users has dwindled to an estimated 100,000, the main reason for the steep drop in HIV incidence, currently only 1%, is that users stopped sharing needles.
- Pay Now, Benefits May Follow
When people reduce the amount of HIV in their bodies, they are less likely to infect others. Now, an innovative and ambitious follow-on trial seeks to see if it can build on its sister study.
- HIV and the Cell: The Prisoner's Dilemma
Josiah Rich has helped Rhode Island create one of the most progressive and effective programs to help HIV-infected people both behind bars and when they're on the outside.
- Dancing the Night Away; Keeping HIV at Bay
In Baltimore, strip clubs and clubs that stage "house/ball" events popular with African-American men who have sex with men are receiving increased attention from researchers and public health officials.
- HIV/AIDS Response Renovated in Capital
Although Washington, D.C., remains among the hardest-hit cities in the nation, a recent report says it "has made steady and significant improvements in its overall response to HIV/AIDS."
- CDC's HIV Testing and Prevention Funding in FY 2011 and '12 Data Table
In an effort to move money for HIV testing and prevention to the regions that have the most infections with the AIDS virus, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in fiscal year 2012 began to make major adjustments.
Review
Contents
This Week in Science
Editorial
Editors' Choice
Multimedia
- Cover Stories: A Photojournalist's Journey
For this week's cover, photographer Malcolm Linton once again puts a human face on the evolving HIV/AIDS story.
Podcasts
- Science Podcast
The show includes a vaccine that recombines in the wild, early North American inhabitants, HIV/AIDS in the U.S., and more.
Products & Materials
- New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
News of the Week
- Around the World
In science news around the world this week, scientists have identified a possible culprit in the syndrome that has killed dozens of children in Cambodia since April, Italian scientists are up in arms over budget cuts at a dozen national research institutes, the U.S. National Science Foundation has struck a deal to charter a heavy-duty icebreaker to clear a path to McMurdo, UNESCO has designated the first tricountry World Heritage Site, South Korea is considering hunting whales for scientific purposes, and the North Carolina House of Representatives voted to revise legislation that would have barred officials from considering acceleration in sea level rise due to climate change.
- Random Samples
A new study maps the location of diseases that have jumped the species barrier from animals to humans over the last 72 years. On 4 July, scientists at CERN jubilantly announced that they had (most probably) found the Higgs boson. And this week's numbers quantify the papers fabricated by Japanese anesthesiologist Yoshitaka Fujii and the ratio of news stories about the Kardashians to those about ocean acidification.
- Newsmakers
This week's Newsmaker is Sonny Ramaswamy, the new director of the $1.2 billion National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's center for extramural research funding.
Findings
News & Analysis
- Higgs Boson Makes Its Debut After Decades-Long Search
Last week's announcement that physicists at the European particle physics laboratory, CERN, had discovered the Higgs boson could mark the end of the road for particle physics.
- Commission Spreads Blame for ‘Manmade’ Disaster
A commission set up by Japan's parliament last week blamed Tokyo Electric Power Co. and government regulators for what it called the "manmade" disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.
- Genes Suggest Three Groups Peopled the New World
The most comprehensive genetic study to date concludes that Native Americans descend from at least three groups of ancestors from Asia, although these groups intermingled extensively once in the New World.
- Earth and Planetary Scientists Search for Common Ground
A unique 4-day meeting cosponsored by four separate NASA science divisions sought to forge closer ties between the earth and planetary science communities.
News Focus
- Rising Acidity Brings an Ocean of Trouble
Carbon dioxide emissions have changed the chemistry of the world's oceans in ways that are already harming shell-building organisms and could lead to broad impacts on marine ecosystems.
- Betting Big on Science: A Cautionary Tale
To lure federal investment, South Dakota has spent nearly $100 million to build an underground lab. Now its gamble is looking like a long shot.
- The View From the Top of the HIV/AIDS World
Science spends a day with immunologist and clinician Anthony Fauci, head of the single largest funder of HIV/AIDS research.
Letters
Books et al.
- An Uncommonly Open Approach
Stressing the links between infrastructure and commons, Frischmann explores what drives the demand for the former and how those drivers should affect public policy.
- Similarities Despite Separation
In addition to charting the history of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, Segal reviews the project's conclusions and their impact.
Policy Forum
- Challenges to the Future Conservation of the Antarctic
Changing environments and resource demands present challenges to Antarctic conservation.
Perspectives
- Fragile Delivery to the Genome
A cytoplasmic protein delivers iron-sulfur clusters to nuclear proteins that function in DNA replication and repair.
- Driving Dislocations in Graphene
Electron microscopy has revealed time-resolved glide and climb motion of dislocations in graphene and imaged their strain and rotation fields.
- Amazonian Extinction Debts
How many species are headed for extinction as a result of past and future deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon?
- Frameshifting to PA-X Influenza
The genome of influenza A virus encodes a newly discovered protein that diminishes its pathogenicity.
- Nature's Intricate Clockwork
The crystal structure of a transcriptional activator reveals the inner workings of the mammalian circadian clock.
Brevia
- Attenuated Vaccines Can Recombine to Form Virulent Field Viruses
Problems can arise when vaccines and wild strains of a chicken herpesvirus recombine.
Research Articles
- Crystal Structure of the Heterodimeric CLOCK:BMAL1 Transcriptional Activator Complex
Structure-function analyses reveal details of the interaction between two proteins that regulate daily rhythms in mammals.
- MMS19 Assembles Iron-Sulfur Proteins Required for DNA Metabolism and Genomic Integrity
A protein thought to be involved in DNA repair is, in fact, responsible for inserting iron-sulfur clusters into enzymes.
- An Overlapping Protein-Coding Region in Influenza A Virus Segment 3 Modulates the Host Response
A previously unidentified influenza protein, partly old and partly new, turns off the expression of host genes.
Reports
- Spin-Polarized Light-Emitting Diode Based on an Organic Bipolar Spin Valve
The light emission from an organic light-emitting diode depends on the spin polarization of the injected current.
- Dislocation-Driven Deformations in Graphene
Two-dimensional dislocation dynamics and the resulting strain fields are studied at high resolution in graphene.
- A Reduced Organic Carbon Component in Martian Basalts
Analysis of 11 martian meteorites reveals complex hydrocarbons associated with magmatic minerals in 10 of them.
- Ice Volume and Sea Level During the Last Interglacial
Global average sea level during the last interglacial period was 6 to 10 meters higher than it is today.
- Rapid Progression of Ocean Acidification in the California Current System
Rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide threaten to amplify the severity of ocean acidification in upwelling zones.
- Clovis Age Western Stemmed Projectile Points and Human Coprolites at the Paisley Caves
The age of a Western Stemmed projectile point implies that this culture overlapped with the Clovis culture in North America.
- Extinction Debt and Windows of Conservation Opportunity in the Brazilian Amazon
Deforestation scenarios predict species extinction rates and identify targets of conservation efforts.
- Structural Basis for Allosteric Regulation of GPCRs by Sodium Ions
A protein-engineering strategy yields a closer look at the receptor-bound water, sodium, and lipid molecules.
- Molecular Architecture and Assembly Principles of Vibrio cholerae Biofilms
When imaged in real time, biofilm development can be seen to rely on spatial and temporal intercellular contacts.
- Oscillatory Dynamics of Cdc42 GTPase in the Control of Polarized Growth
The regulation of a yeast cell-growth enzyme is dynamic rather than on-off.
- MMS19 Links Cytoplasmic Iron-Sulfur Cluster Assembly to DNA Metabolism
A protein that associates with DNA metabolism enzymes serves as a platform for the integration of iron-sulfur clusters.
Technical Comments
