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Research Article
Electrically, Chemically, and Photonically Powered Torsional and Tensile Actuation of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Yarn Muscles
- Márcio D. Lima1,*,
- Na Li1,2,*,
- Mônica Jung de Andrade1,
- Shaoli Fang1,
- Jiyoung Oh1,
- Geoffrey M. Spinks3,
- Mikhail E. Kozlov1,
- Carter S. Haines1,
- Dongseok Suh1,
- Javad Foroughi3,
- Seon Jeong Kim4,
- Yongsheng Chen2,
- Taylor Ware1,
- Min Kyoon Shin4,
- Leonardo D. Machado5,
- Alexandre F. Fonseca6,
- John D. W. Madden7,
- Walter E. Voit1,
- Douglas S. Galvão5,
- Ray H. Baughman1,†
- 1The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.
- 2Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
- 3Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- 4Center for Bio-Artificial Muscle and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
- 5Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil.
- 6Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil.
- 7Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- ↵†To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: ray.baughman{at}utdallas.edu
↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Science 16 Nov 2012:
Vol. 338, Issue 6109, pp. 928-932
DOI: 10.1126/science.1226762
Vol. 338, Issue 6109, pp. 928-932
DOI: 10.1126/science.1226762
Márcio D. Lima
1The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.
Na Li
1The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.
2Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
Mônica Jung de Andrade
1The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.
Shaoli Fang
1The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.
Jiyoung Oh
1The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.
Geoffrey M. Spinks
3Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
Mikhail E. Kozlov
1The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.
Carter S. Haines
1The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.
Dongseok Suh
1The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.
Javad Foroughi
3Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
Seon Jeong Kim
4Center for Bio-Artificial Muscle and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
Yongsheng Chen
2Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
Taylor Ware
1The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.
Min Kyoon Shin
4Center for Bio-Artificial Muscle and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
Leonardo D. Machado
5Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil.
Alexandre F. Fonseca
6Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil.
John D. W. Madden
7Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Walter E. Voit
1The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.
Douglas S. Galvão
5Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil.
Ray H. Baughman
1The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.
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