Electrically, Chemically, and Photonically Powered Torsional and Tensile Actuation of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Yarn Muscles

Márcio D. Lima; Na Li; Mônica Jung de Andrade; Shaoli Fang; Jiyoung Oh; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Mikhail E. Kozlov; Carter S. Haines; Dongseok Suh; Javad Foroughi; Seon Jeong Kim; Yongsheng Chen; Taylor Ware; Min Kyoon Shin; Leonardo D. Machado; Alexandre F. Fonseca; John D. W. Madden; Walter E. Voit; Douglas S. Galvão; Ray H. Baughman

doi:10.1126/science.1226762

Research Article

Electrically, Chemically, and Photonically Powered Torsional and Tensile Actuation of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Yarn Muscles

Márcio D. Lima¹,*,
Na Li¹,²,*,
Mônica Jung de Andrade¹,
Shaoli Fang¹,
Jiyoung Oh¹,
Geoffrey M. Spinks³,
Mikhail E. Kozlov¹,
Carter S. Haines¹,
Dongseok Suh¹,
Javad Foroughi³,
Seon Jeong Kim⁴,
Yongsheng Chen²,
Taylor Ware¹,
Min Kyoon Shin⁴,
Leonardo D. Machado⁵,
Alexandre F. Fonseca⁶,
John D. W. Madden⁷,
Walter E. Voit¹,
Douglas S. Galvão⁵,
Ray H. Baughman¹,^†

¹The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.
²Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
³Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
⁴Center for Bio-Artificial Muscle and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
⁵Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil.
⁶Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil.
⁷Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.

↵†To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: ray.baughman{at}utdallas.edu

↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Science 16 Nov 2012:
Vol. 338, Issue 6109, pp. 928-932
DOI: 10.1126/science.1226762

Márcio D. Lima

The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.

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Na Li

The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.

Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

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Mônica Jung de Andrade

The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.

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Shaoli Fang

The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.

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Jiyoung Oh

The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.

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Geoffrey M. Spinks

Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.

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Mikhail E. Kozlov

The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.

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Carter S. Haines

The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.

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Dongseok Suh

The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.

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Javad Foroughi

Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.

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Seon Jeong Kim

Center for Bio-Artificial Muscle and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.

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Yongsheng Chen

Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

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Taylor Ware

The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.

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Min Kyoon Shin

Center for Bio-Artificial Muscle and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.

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Leonardo D. Machado

Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil.

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Alexandre F. Fonseca

Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil.

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John D. W. Madden

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.

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Walter E. Voit

The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.

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Douglas S. Galvão

Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil.

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Ray H. Baughman

The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.

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For correspondence: ray.baughman@utdallas.edu

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Electrically, Chemically, and Photonically Powered Torsional and Tensile Actuation of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Yarn Muscles

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