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Fig. 1 Direct and secondhand effects on support for same-sex marriage, by assigned message and messenger, and time since treatment. The first vertical dashed line represents the canvassing intervention, which was administered between Internet survey waves 1 and 2. The second vertical dashed line represents the U.S. Supreme Court decisions striking down California’s ban on same-sex marriage. The y axis is opinion change between the baseline survey and subsequent survey waves, with higher scores indicating more support for same-sex marriage. Points represent mean values, and bars display 95% bootstrap confidence intervals.
Fig. 2 Direct and secondhand contact effects on evaluations of gay men and lesbians 9 months after canvassing. The figure displays rectangular kernel density estimates of ratings of gay men and lesbians on the feeling thermometer scale 0 (unfavorable) to 100 (favorable) in study 1, among those contacted by gay canvassers. As shown in table S13, the large, persistent, and contagious effects of contact with gay canvassers on ratings of gay men and lesbians were replicated in study 2.
