Report
Exploring deep microbial life in coal-bearing sediment down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor
- F. Inagaki1,2,*,
- K.-U. Hinrichs3,*,
- Y. Kubo4,5,
- M. W. Bowles3,
- V. B. Heuer3,
- W.-L. Hong6,†,
- T. Hoshino1,2,
- A. Ijiri1,2,
- H. Imachi2,7,
- M. Ito1,2,
- M. Kaneko2,8,
- M. A. Lever9,‡,
- Y.-S. Lin3,§,
- B. A. Methé10,
- S. Morita11,
- Y. Morono1,2,
- W. Tanikawa1,2,
- M. Bihan10,
- S. A. Bowden12,
- M. Elvert3,
- C. Glombitza9,
- D. Gross13,
- G. J. Harrington14,
- T. Hori15,
- K. Li10,
- D. Limmer12,||,
- C.-H. Liu16,
- M. Murayama17,
- N. Ohkouchi2,8,
- S. Ono18,
- Y.-S. Park19,¶,
- S. C. Phillips20,
- X. Prieto-Mollar3,
- M. Purkey21,#,
- N. Riedinger22,**,
- Y. Sanada4,5,
- J. Sauvage23,
- G. Snyder24,††,
- R. Susilawati25,
- Y. Takano2,8,
- E. Tasumi7,
- T. Terada26,
- H. Tomaru27,
- E. Trembath-Reichert28,
- D. T. Wang18,
- Y. Yamada5,29
- 1Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
- 2Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
- 3MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
- 4Center for Deep-Earth Exploration, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0061, Japan.
- 5Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan.
- 6College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- 7Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
- 8Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
- 9Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
- 10Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
- 11Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan.
- 12Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB2A 3UE, UK.
- 13Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Montanuniversität, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
- 14School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- 15Environmental Management Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
- 16The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
- 17Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
- 18Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- 19Petroleum and Marine Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
- 20Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
- 21Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
- 22Department of Earth Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
- 23Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
- 24Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
- 25School of Earth Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072, Australia.
- 26Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.
- 27Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
- 28Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
- 29Department of Urban Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
- ↵*Corresponding author. E-mail: inagaki{at}jamstec.go.jp (F.I.); khinrichs{at}uni-bremen.de (K.-U.H.)
↵† Present address: CAGE - Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of Geology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
↵‡ Present address: Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
↵§ Present address: Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
↵|| Present address: Adrok, Edinburgh, Scotland EH6 5NX, UK.
↵¶ Deceased.
↵# Present address: Noble Energy, 1625 Broadway, Suite 2200, Denver, CO 80202, USA.
↵** Present address: Boone Pickens School of Geology, 105 Noble Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3031, USA.
↵†† Present address: Gas Hydrate Research Laboratory, Meiji University, Tokyo 101-8301, Japan.
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Science 24 Jul 2015:
Vol. 349, Issue 6246, pp. 420-424
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6882
Vol. 349, Issue 6246, pp. 420-424
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6882
F. Inagaki
1Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
2Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
K.-U. Hinrichs
3MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
Y. Kubo
4Center for Deep-Earth Exploration, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0061, Japan.
5Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan.
M. W. Bowles
3MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
V. B. Heuer
3MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
W.-L. Hong
6College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
T. Hoshino
1Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
2Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
A. Ijiri
1Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
2Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
H. Imachi
2Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
7Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
M. Ito
1Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
2Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
M. Kaneko
2Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
8Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
M. A. Lever
9Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Y.-S. Lin
3MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
B. A. Methé
10Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
S. Morita
11Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan.
Y. Morono
1Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
2Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
W. Tanikawa
1Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
2Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
M. Bihan
10Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
S. A. Bowden
12Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB2A 3UE, UK.
M. Elvert
3MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
C. Glombitza
9Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
D. Gross
13Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Montanuniversität, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
G. J. Harrington
14School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
T. Hori
15Environmental Management Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
K. Li
10Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
D. Limmer
12Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB2A 3UE, UK.
C.-H. Liu
16The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
M. Murayama
17Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
N. Ohkouchi
2Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
8Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
S. Ono
18Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Y.-S. Park
19Petroleum and Marine Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
S. C. Phillips
20Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
X. Prieto-Mollar
3MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
M. Purkey
21Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
N. Riedinger
22Department of Earth Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Y. Sanada
4Center for Deep-Earth Exploration, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0061, Japan.
5Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan.
J. Sauvage
23Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
G. Snyder
24Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
R. Susilawati
25School of Earth Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072, Australia.
Y. Takano
2Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
8Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
E. Tasumi
7Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
T. Terada
26Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.
H. Tomaru
27Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
E. Trembath-Reichert
28Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
D. T. Wang
18Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Y. Yamada
5Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan.
29Department of Urban Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
