Report
Exploring deep microbial life in coal-bearing sediment down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor
- F. Inagaki1,2,*,
- K.-U. Hinrichs3,*,
- Y. Kubo4,5,
- M. W. Bowles3,
- V. B. Heuer3,
- W.-L. Hong6,†,
- T. Hoshino1,2,
- A. Ijiri1,2,
- H. Imachi2,7,
- M. Ito1,2,
- M. Kaneko2,8,
- M. A. Lever9,‡,
- Y.-S. Lin3,§,
- B. A. Methé10,
- S. Morita11,
- Y. Morono1,2,
- W. Tanikawa1,2,
- M. Bihan10,
- S. A. Bowden12,
- M. Elvert3,
- C. Glombitza9,
- D. Gross13,
- G. J. Harrington14,
- T. Hori15,
- K. Li10,
- D. Limmer12,||,
- C.-H. Liu16,
- M. Murayama17,
- N. Ohkouchi2,8,
- S. Ono18,
- Y.-S. Park19,¶,
- S. C. Phillips20,
- X. Prieto-Mollar3,
- M. Purkey21,#,
- N. Riedinger22,**,
- Y. Sanada4,5,
- J. Sauvage23,
- G. Snyder24,††,
- R. Susilawati25,
- Y. Takano2,8,
- E. Tasumi7,
- T. Terada26,
- H. Tomaru27,
- E. Trembath-Reichert28,
- D. T. Wang18,
- Y. Yamada5,29
- 1Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
- 2Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
- 3MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
- 4Center for Deep-Earth Exploration, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0061, Japan.
- 5Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan.
- 6College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- 7Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
- 8Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
- 9Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
- 10Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
- 11Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan.
- 12Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB2A 3UE, UK.
- 13Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Montanuniversität, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
- 14School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- 15Environmental Management Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
- 16The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
- 17Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
- 18Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- 19Petroleum and Marine Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
- 20Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
- 21Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
- 22Department of Earth Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
- 23Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
- 24Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
- 25School of Earth Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072, Australia.
- 26Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.
- 27Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
- 28Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
- 29Department of Urban Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
- ↵*Corresponding author. E-mail: inagaki{at}jamstec.go.jp (F.I.); khinrichs{at}uni-bremen.de (K.-U.H.)
↵† Present address: CAGE - Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of Geology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
↵‡ Present address: Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
↵§ Present address: Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
↵|| Present address: Adrok, Edinburgh, Scotland EH6 5NX, UK.
↵¶ Deceased.
↵# Present address: Noble Energy, 1625 Broadway, Suite 2200, Denver, CO 80202, USA.
↵** Present address: Boone Pickens School of Geology, 105 Noble Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3031, USA.
↵†† Present address: Gas Hydrate Research Laboratory, Meiji University, Tokyo 101-8301, Japan.
See allHide authors and affiliations
Science 24 Jul 2015:
Vol. 349, Issue 6246, pp. 420-424
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6882
Vol. 349, Issue 6246, pp. 420-424
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6882
F. Inagaki
Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
K.-U. Hinrichs
MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
Y. Kubo
Center for Deep-Earth Exploration, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0061, Japan.Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan.
M. W. Bowles
MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
V. B. Heuer
MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
W.-L. Hong
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
T. Hoshino
Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
A. Ijiri
Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
H. Imachi
Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
M. Ito
Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
M. Kaneko
Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
M. A. Lever
Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Y.-S. Lin
MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
B. A. Methé
Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
S. Morita
Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan.
Y. Morono
Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
W. Tanikawa
Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
M. Bihan
Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
S. A. Bowden
Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB2A 3UE, UK.
M. Elvert
MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
C. Glombitza
Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
D. Gross
Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Montanuniversität, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
G. J. Harrington
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
T. Hori
Environmental Management Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
K. Li
Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
D. Limmer
Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB2A 3UE, UK.
C.-H. Liu
The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
M. Murayama
Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
N. Ohkouchi
Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
S. Ono
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Y.-S. Park
Petroleum and Marine Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
S. C. Phillips
Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
X. Prieto-Mollar
MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
M. Purkey
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
N. Riedinger
Department of Earth Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Y. Sanada
Center for Deep-Earth Exploration, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0061, Japan.Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan.
J. Sauvage
Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
G. Snyder
Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
R. Susilawati
School of Earth Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072, Australia.
Y. Takano
Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
E. Tasumi
Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
T. Terada
Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.
H. Tomaru
Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
E. Trembath-Reichert
Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
D. T. Wang
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Y. Yamada
Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan.Department of Urban Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
