Contents
21 October 2016
Vol 354, Issue 6310
Vol 354, Issue 6310
Contents
This Week in Science
Editorial
Editors' Choice
Products & Materials
- New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
In Brief
In Depth
- ‘Green hell’ has long been home for humans
By burning trees and tending crops, prehistoric people left a lasting mark on rainforests.
- Odd computer zips through knotty tasks
Hybrid Ising machines survey universe of possible solutions for best answer.
- Colombia peace deal blow dismays ecologists
Once encouraged by a cease-fire, scientists now reconsider venturing into rainforest.
- Are labmade human eggs coming soon?
Mouse eggs grown in vitro produce apparently healthy offspring, but clinical use is distant.
- Alien fungus blights Hawaii's native trees
Big Island is under assault from deadly invader.
Feature
- Science lessons for the next president
Election campaigns are light on science. But once a new president is in office, technical issues have a way of demanding attention.
Working Life
Letters
Books et al.
- Street smart
A physicist reveals the engineering marvels that underlie the modern metropolis
- The business of doing good
A guide for aspiring entrepreneurs offers a data-driven approach to making a difference
Policy Forum
- Identifying the policy space for climate loss and damage
Climate risk analysis must play a fundamental role
Perspectives
- A photoreceptor's on-off switch
Light-induced protein interaction controls the signaling of a plant cryptochrome
- Molecular imaging at 1-femtosecond resolution
Loss of a hydrogen atom from acetylene is observed with electron diffraction
- Hitting Ebola, to the power of two
Bispecific antibodies are engineered to thwart ebolavirus entry into cells
- Why I know but don't believe
Individuals hold interdependent beliefs that affect whether or not they accept scientific findings
- A plankton bloom shifts as the ocean warms
Long-term data show how a widespread phytoplankton group responds to temperature changes
- Predicting the basis of convergent evolution
Convergent adaptive traits do not always arise from the same genetic changes
Association Affairs
Review
- Metal-catalyzed reductive coupling of olefin-derived nucleophiles: Reinventing carbonyl addition
Metal-catalyzed reductive coupling of olefin-derived nucleophiles: Reinventing carbonyl addition
Research Article
- Structural basis for the gating mechanism of the type 2 ryanodine receptor RyR2
Motion of the cytoplasmic region of a key intracellular Ca2+ channel is transduced by a central domain to gate the channel domain.
Reports
- Subthreshold Schottky-barrier thin-film transistors with ultralow power and high intrinsic gain
An indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistor minimizes power consumption by operating near the off-state limit.
- Molecular force spectroscopy with a DNA origami–based nanoscopic force clamp
A self-assembled molecular force clamp built from DNA enables highly parallelized force spectroscopy measurements.
- Ultrafast electron diffraction imaging of bond breaking in di-ionized acetylene
An electron transiently stripped from a molecule is used to image that molecule's dissociation.
- Dynamic creation and evolution of gradient nanostructure in single-crystal metallic microcubes
A new impact-based processing technique produces extreme gradients of grain sizes in silver microcubes.
- Observation of a nematic quantum Hall liquid on the surface of bismuth
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy makes a direct connection between exchange interactions and electronic nematicity.
- Network science on belief system dynamics under logic constraints
An algorithmic approach shows how our belief systems change when facts and beliefs are in conflict.
- Physiological and ecological drivers of early spring blooms of a coastal phytoplankter
Warming-induced increases in replication drive earlier spring blooms in phytoplankton, but consumers remain in train.
- Formaldehyde stabilization facilitates lignin monomer production during biomass depolymerization
Using formaldehyde protects lignin from the cross-reactions that lower yields during biomass processing.
- A Silurian maxillate placoderm illuminates jaw evolution
Analysis of a fossilized fish jaw suggests how a tripartite jaw may have arisen.
- Predictable convergence in hemoglobin function has unpredictable molecular underpinnings
Improvements in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity are convergent across taxa, but the genetic pathways are different.
- The biosynthetic pathway of coenzyme F430 in methanogenic and methanotrophic archaea
The biosynthesis of a nickel-containing tetrapyrrole coenzyme involves a series of five enzymes.
- Photoactivation and inactivation of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2
A feedback loop ensures against a runaway response to light in plants.
- Intercellular communication and conjugation are mediated by ESX secretion systems in mycobacteria
Sequential stimuli prompt reciprocal communication for conjugation in mycobacteria.
- A “Trojan horse” bispecific-antibody strategy for broad protection against ebolaviruses
Bispecific antibodies show therapeutic efficacy against ebolaviruses in mice.
- A large fraction of HLA class I ligands are proteasome-generated spliced peptides
Spliced peptides make up a major fraction of the epitopes presented by MHC class I on multiple human cell types.
- A pathogenic role for T cell–derived IL-22BP in inflammatory bowel disease
Interleukin-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) drives inflammatory bowel disease by sopping up the tissue-protective protein IL-22.
Technical Comments
From the AAAS Office of Publishing and Member Services
About The Cover
COVER Whoever wins the U.S. election on 8 November, Democrat (donkey) or Republican (elephant), the next president will confront issues that have science at their core, from sea-level rise to the emergence of new diseases. In this issue, Science discusses six concepts that deserve attention from the very top. See pages 274.
Illustration: Ricardo MartÃnez
