Contents
05 May 2017
Vol 356, Issue 6337
Vol 356, Issue 6337
Contents
This Week in Science
Editorial
Editors' Choice
Products & Materials
- New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
In Brief
In Depth
- Congress trumps president in backing science
Legislators ignore Trump's call for cuts and give NIH, NASA research big increases
- DOE freezes millions in awards
Scientists furious over ARPA-E funding hiatus, gag order
- Mauritius invites primate research labs to set up shop
Animal welfare activists protest move by nation that exports research macaques
- New crop pest takes Africa at lightning speed
The fall armyworm has invaded more than 20 sub-Saharan countries
- NASA pushes for diversity in planetary science
New Frontiers mission announcement includes call for more inclusive teams
Feature
- Fast and curious
A global robotic telescope network helps astronomers keep up with the fast-changing sky
Working Life
Letters
Books et al.
Policy Forum
- Unmask temporal trade-offs in climate policy debates
Both 20- and 100-year time scales should always be reported
- A climate policy pathway for near- and long-term benefits
Climate actions can advance sustainable development
Perspectives
- Beyond Hamilton's rule
A broader view of how relatedness affects the evolution of altruism is emerging
- Surprising states of order for linear diblock copolymers
Thermal treatments unlock low-symmetry phases resembling those of metals and alloys
- Inflammation by way of macrophage metabolism
IL-10 controls macrophage inflammatory function by reprogramming metabolism
- Transcription factors read epigenetics
Many homeodomain transcription factors can bind methylated DNA
Research Articles
- Impact of cytosine methylation on DNA binding specificities of human transcription factors
Genome-scale analysis reveals positive and negative binding of transcription factors to methylated CpG dinucleotides.
- Self-organized Notch dynamics generate stereotyped sensory organ patterns in Drosophila
Distributed and flexible patterning combines with cell-cell interactions to establish rows of sensory bristles on the fly thorax.
- Integration of CpG-free DNA induces de novo methylation of CpG islands in pluripotent stem cells
Stable epigenetic modifications can be introduced into stem cells via precise and targeted manipulation of DNA methylation.
- DeepStack: Expert-level artificial intelligence in heads-up no-limit poker
Computer code based on continual problem re-solving beats human professional poker players at a two-player variant of poker.
- Anti-inflammatory effect of IL-10 mediated by metabolic reprogramming of macrophages
An interleukin controls a metabolic switch in macrophages that inhibits a signaling pathway, thereby suppressing intestinal inflammation.
Review
Reports
- Thermal processing of diblock copolymer melts mimics metallurgy
Ordered phases commonly found in metal alloys are formed in diblock copolymer melts through innovative thermal treatments.
- Selective anaerobic oxidation of methane enables direct synthesis of methanol
A two-step protocol oxidizes methane to methanol using a copper zeolite that is reoxidized by water.
- The complex effects of ocean acidification on the prominent N2-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium
A future, more acidic ocean could be less productive, despite the fertilizing effects of elevated CO2.
- Noise pollution is pervasive in U.S. protected areas
Human-produced noise infiltrates natural protected areas.
- Branch-specific plasticity of a bifunctional dopamine circuit encodes protein hunger
The drive to eat protein is mediated by plastic changes in a dedicated neuronal circuit in Drosophila.
- Negative selection in humans and fruit flies involves synergistic epistasis
Ongoing selection against rare protein-disrupting mutations depends on an individual’s relative decline in fitness with each additional mutation.
- Dispersals and genetic adaptation of Bantu-speaking populations in Africa and North America
Genetic analysis reveals the complex history of sub-Saharan Africans and African Americans.
Technical Comments
About The Cover
COVER A playing card—as used in the game of poker—with an artistic rendition of a digital circuit board. Games in which players have asymmetric information during play, such as poker, have proven challenging for artificial intelligence. The computer program DeepStack takes a new approach, bringing local search techniques to such games. DeepStack defeated professional players at heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em poker. See page 208.
Image: Graham Johnson
