Contents
21 July 2017
Vol 357, Issue 6348
Vol 357, Issue 6348
Contents
This Week in Science
Editorial
Editors' Choice
Products & Materials
- New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
In Brief
In Depth
- NIH redefines clinical trials, attracting critics
Behavioral scientists fear new rules could complicate basic research projects
- Gender discrimination lawsuit at Salk ignites controversy
Institute's critique of plaintiffs' science comes under fire
- The first Australians arrived early
65,000-year-old tools suggest very ancient migration out of Africa
- Unlocking a key to maize's amazing success
Malleable flowering time may help crop in cooler climates
- Zika rewrites maternal immunization ethics
A push to vaccinate pregnant women to protect babies presents quandaries
Feature
- Saving Europe's salamanders
A Belgian couple discovered a lethal new threat to amphibians. Now, they wonder: Can it be stopped?
Working Life
Letters
Books et al.
- Acknowledging Africa
The continent's innovation often occurs outside the formal sector, but it should still count as science
- About face
We know better, so why can't we stop making judgments based on appearance?
Policy Forum
- Promote scientific integrity via journal peer review data
Publishers must invest, and manage risk
Perspectives
- Sulfur injections for a cooler planet
Can injections of sulfur into the stratosphere help to counteract climate change?
- A cirrus cloud climate dial?
Cirrus cloud seeding may help to reduce climate warming, but large uncertainties remain
- Sliding chains keep particles together
A polymeric pulley relieves stress as charging silicon particles expand inside a battery
- Tuna fin hydraulics inspire aquatic robotics
How tuna control fin shape while making sharp turns suggests optimum engineering design
- A twist on the Majorana fermion
A hybrid materials system is used to reveal tunable Majorana modes
- Can immunotherapy treat neurodegeneration?
Cancer immunotherapy could guide treatment for Alzheimer's disease
Review
Research Articles
- Cash for carbon: A randomized trial of payments for ecosystem services to reduce deforestation
Satellite-based observation of Ugandan forests documents the effectiveness of paying owners to not cut down their trees.
- Ratchet-like polypeptide translocation mechanism of the AAA+ disaggregase Hsp104
Cryo–electron microscopy structures of an AAA+ machine reveal details of the mechanism used for substrate protein disaggregation.
Reports
- Highly elastic binders integrating polyrotaxanes for silicon microparticle anodes in lithium ion batteries
The stability of silicon microparticle anodes is enhanced by highly elastic binders incorporating polyrotaxanes.
- Photoinduced decarboxylative borylation of carboxylic acids
Light facilitates the replacement of carboxylic acids with boron esters in the absence of metal catalysts.
- Bismuthene on a SiC substrate: A candidate for a high-temperature quantum spin Hall material
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy indicates a large energy gap and conducting edge states, consistent with calculations.
- Remobilization of crustal carbon may dominate volcanic arc emissions
A revision in the carbon isotope budget from the global volcanic arc gas output requires less organic carbon burial.
- Chiral Majorana fermion modes in a quantum anomalous Hall insulator–superconductor structure
Transport experiments showing half-integer quantized conductance indicate a propagating Majorana edge mode.
- Experimentally realized mechanochemistry distinct from force-accelerated scission of loaded bonds
Molecular strain has a complex effect on cleavage of P–O and Si–O bonds that depends on the respective transition states.
- Tailored semiconductors for high-harmonic optoelectronics
Nanofabricated structures and chemical composition can tune the generation of high harmonics from solid-state targets.
- An organic-inorganic perovskite ferroelectric with large piezoelectric response
Trimethylchloromethyl ammonium trichloromanganese(II) may be a flexible material competitive for piezoelectric applications.
- Hydraulic control of tuna fins: A role for the lymphatic system in vertebrate locomotion
The lymphatic system facilitates fin stiffness in tuna.
- Bidirectional eukaryotic DNA replication is established by quasi-symmetrical helicase loading
The minichromosome maintenance double hexamer, a precursor of the replicative DNA helicase, results from a symmetrical loading reaction.
Technical Comments
About The Cover
COVER Atlantic bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean Sea. The hydraulic control of fins discovered in tunas indicates a previously unknown role of the lymphatic system in vertebrates. This fin control mechanism may inspire the design of "smart" control surfaces with changeable shape and stiffness that could enhance the maneuvering performance of unmanned airborne and underwater vehicles. See pages 251 and 310.
PHOTO: Brian Skerry/National Geographic Creative
