Contents
04 August 2017
Vol 357, Issue 6350
Vol 357, Issue 6350
Contents
This Week in Science
Editorial
Editors' Choice
Products & Materials
- New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
In Brief
In Depth
- Stealing industrial secrets pays off—at first
East German records show economic espionage is like R&D “on cocaine” for perpetrators.
- China cracks down on fraud
More than 400 authors face punishment for peer-review scam.
- Embryo editing takes another step to clinic
Improvements in CRISPR's efficiency intensify ethical debates on changing germline.
- Cosmic ray catcher will probe supernovae from new perch
Balloon-borne detector moves to space to trap rare, high-energy particles that carry clues to their origin.
- Anthrax cousin wreaks havoc in the rainforest
Bacillus cereus, a microbe widely seen as benign, is a mass killer of mammals, researchers say.
- Elderly chimps may get Alzheimer's disease
Hallmark plaques and tangles found in the largest analysis yet of old chimp brains.
Feature
- The stem cell skeptic
Through 7 years and 2000 blog posts, Paul Knoepfler has insisted that stem cells are being oversold.
- House of the sun
How astronomers built the world's largest solar telescope on Maui even as protesters derailed a larger telescope one island away.
Working Life
Letters
Books et al.
- The perils of permanence
Hunters and foragers thrived while early agrarian societies struggled, argues an anthropologist
- Postmodern Prometheus
A physicist's guide explores the future of artificial intelligence
Essays on Science and Society
- Toward a targeted treatment for addiction
Cocaine-induced synaptic plasticity can be reversed in mice with optogenetically inspired deep brain stimulation
- Neuromodulation with nanoparticles
Ultrasonic drug uncaging shows potential for noninvasive manipulation of the brain
Policy Forum
- Estimating the health benefits of environmental regulations
Changes needed for complete benefits assessment
Perspectives
- Helicity—invariant even in a viscous fluid
Observing and probing writhe and twist in vortex dynamics
- New developments for protein quality control
A unique enzyme promotes degradation of misfolded proteins and differentiation of red blood cells
- Evolution, climate change, and extreme events
Cold tolerance allows a selected few anole lizards to survive a cold snap
- A low-loss origami plasmonic waveguide
DNA assembles silver and gold nanoparticles for fast and efficient energy transfer
- Amphibians on the brink
Preemptive policies can protect amphibians from devastating fungal diseases
- Targeting an energy sensor to treat diabetes
New activators of AMPK have beneficial effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Research Article
- UBE2O remodels the proteome during terminal erythroid differentiation
During terminal differentiation, a specialized state is achieved through the targeted elimination of preexisting proteins.
Review
Reports
- UBE2O is a quality control factor for orphans of multiprotein complexes
Excess subunits of multiprotein complexes, including ribosomes, are selectively recognized and targeted for degradation.
- Mechanochemical unzipping of insulating polyladderene to semiconducting polyacetylene
Sonication pries open four-membered carbon rings embedded in a polymer to produce a conjugated semiconducting structure.
- Direct atomic-level insight into the active sites of a high-performance PGM-free ORR catalyst
A hierarchically structured iron-nitrogen-carbon catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction is highly active in air.
- Revealing hidden antiferromagnetic correlations in doped Hubbard chains via string correlators
A fermionic quantum gas microscope is used to track spin-charge separation in chains of 6Li atoms.
- Complete measurement of helicity and its dynamics in vortex tubes
Total helicity in a real fluid is dissipated through twisting motions, whereas linking and writhing keeps helicity conserved.
- Large-amplitude transfer motion of hydrated excess protons mapped by ultrafast 2D IR spectroscopy
Comparison of vibrational dynamics in acidified water and acidified acetonitrile supports the prevalence of the Zundel motif.
- Winter storms drive rapid phenotypic, regulatory, and genomic shifts in the green anole lizard
Lizards adapted rapidly to extreme cold in the southeastern United States during the winter of 2013–2014.
- The microbial metabolite desaminotyrosine protects from influenza through type I interferon
A dietary plant flavonoid derivative, metabolized by Clostridium orbiscindens in the gut, mediates protective responses to influenza in mice.
- Chemogenetics revealed: DREADD occupancy and activation via converted clozapine
Metabolically derived clozapine is the in vivo actuator of designer drug receptors expressed in the central nervous system.
- Systemic pan-AMPK activator MK-8722 improves glucose homeostasis but induces cardiac hypertrophy
In animals, a drug activating all 12 isoforms of the energy regulator AMPK benefits metabolism but may pose heart risks.
- Genomic estimation of complex traits reveals ancient maize adaptation to temperate North America
Archaeological maize found in ancient turkey pens was adapted to temperate environments by 1900 years ago.
About The Cover
COVER Artistically rendered segment of a synthetic macromolecular ladder scaffold, inspired by a natural product structure, that unzips through ring-opening in response to mechanical force. The ensuing mechanochemical metamorphosis of the insulating polyladderene structure into semiconducting polyacetylene nanowires rapidly transforms the material's intrinsic properties and functions. See page 475.
Illustration: Valerie Altounian/Science
