1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
3Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
4Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
5Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
7Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
8Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
9ISMEO - International Association of Mediterranean and Oriental Studies, Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan, 19200 Saidu Sharif (Swat), Pakistan.
10Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Rome 00185, Italy.
11Department of Cultural Heritage: Archaeology and History of Art, Cinema and Music, University of Padua, Padua 35139, Italy.
12School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
13Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
14Center of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
15A.Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan.
16Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
17University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
18Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
19Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
20Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la Città Metropolitana di Cagliari e le Province di Oristano e Sud Sardegna, Cagliari 09124, Italy.
21School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
22Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
23Institutes of Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
24CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal.
25Catalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), Tarragona 43007, Spain.
26Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
27Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
28Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
29Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
30CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
31Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow 226007, India.
32Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
33Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen 625003, Russia.
34CNRS-EXT500, Directeur de la Delegation Archaologique Francaise en Afghanistan (DAFA), Embassy of France in Kabul, Afghanistan.
36Archaeology of Asia Department, ISMEO - International Association of Mediterranean and Oriental Studies, Rome RM00186, Italy.
37Kyrgyz National University, 720033 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
38Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
39Department of Political History, National and State-Confessional Relations, Altai State University, Barnaul 656049, Russia.
40Institute of Archaeology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 118 01, Czech Republic.
41Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany.
42Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
43Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch RAS, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia.
44South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia.
45Department of Archaeology, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650043, Russia.
46Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London WC1H 0PY, UK.
47School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Shanxi, 710069, China.
48Department of Archaeology, Ethnography and Museology, Altai State University, Barnaul 656049, Russia.
49Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
50Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara 443099, Russia.
51West Kazakhstan Regional Center for History and Archaeology, Uralsk 090000, Kazakhstan.
52Scientific and Educational Center of Study on the Problem of Nature and Man, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk 454021, Russia.
53Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy.
54Institute for Archaeological Research, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Samarkand 140151, Uzbekistan.
55Center for Research, Restoration and Protection of Historical and Cultural Heritage of Aktobe Region, Aktobe 030007, Kazakhstan.
56Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.
57Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
58MiBAC – Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Soprintendenza Archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio del Friuli Venezia Giulia, 34135 Trieste, Italy.
59Afrosiab Museum, Samarkand 140151, Uzbekistan.
60Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
61Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.
62National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
63F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia.
64Central State Museum Republic of Kazakhstan, Samal-1 Microdistrict, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan.
65CHRONO Centre for Climate, the Environment, and Chronology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
66Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
67Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
68Department of Archaeology, Ethnography and Museology, The Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies in Archaeology of Western Siberia and Altai, Altai State University, Barnaul 656049, Russia.
69Institute of Steppe, Ural Branch RAS, Orenburg 460000, Russia.
70Center for Egyptological Studies RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia.
71Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Prague 115 79, Czech Republic.
9ISMEO - International Association of Mediterranean and Oriental Studies, Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan, 19200 Saidu Sharif (Swat), Pakistan.
9ISMEO - International Association of Mediterranean and Oriental Studies, Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan, 19200 Saidu Sharif (Swat), Pakistan.
11Department of Cultural Heritage: Archaeology and History of Art, Cinema and Music, University of Padua, Padua 35139, Italy.
19Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
20Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la Città Metropolitana di Cagliari e le Province di Oristano e Sud Sardegna, Cagliari 09124, Italy.
9ISMEO - International Association of Mediterranean and Oriental Studies, Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan, 19200 Saidu Sharif (Swat), Pakistan.
9ISMEO - International Association of Mediterranean and Oriental Studies, Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan, 19200 Saidu Sharif (Swat), Pakistan.
58MiBAC – Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Soprintendenza Archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio del Friuli Venezia Giulia, 34135 Trieste, Italy.
68Department of Archaeology, Ethnography and Museology, The Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies in Archaeology of Western Siberia and Altai, Altai State University, Barnaul 656049, Russia.
Ancient DNA has allowed us to begin tracing the history of human movements across the globe. Narasimhan et al. identify a complex pattern of human migrations and admixture events in South and Central Asia by performing genetic analysis of more than 500 people who lived over the past 8000 years (see the Perspective by Schaefer and Shapiro). They establish key phases in the population prehistory of Eurasia, including the spread of farming peoples from the Near East, with movements both westward and eastward. The people known as the Yamnaya in the Bronze Age also moved both westward and eastward from a focal area located north of the Black Sea. The overall patterns of genetic clines reflect similar and parallel patterns in South Asia and Europe.
By Vagheesh M. Narasimhan, Nick Patterson, Priya Moorjani, Nadin Rohland, Rebecca Bernardos, Swapan Mallick, Iosif Lazaridis, Nathan Nakatsuka, Iñigo Olalde, Mark Lipson, Alexander M. Kim, Luca M. Olivieri, Alfredo Coppa, Massimo Vidale, James Mallory, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Egor Kitov, Janet Monge, Nicole Adamski, Neel Alex, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Francesca Candilio, Kimberly Callan, Olivia Cheronet, Brendan J. Culleton, Matthew Ferry, Daniel Fernandes, Suzanne Freilich, Beatriz Gamarra, Daniel Gaudio, Mateja Hajdinjak, Éadaoin Harney, Thomas K. Harper, Denise Keating, Ann Marie Lawson, Matthew Mah, Kirsten Mandl, Megan Michel, Mario Novak, Jonas Oppenheimer, Niraj Rai, Kendra Sirak, Viviane Slon, Kristin Stewardson, Fatma Zalzala, Zhao Zhang, Gaziz Akhatov, Anatoly N. Bagashev, Alessandra Bagnera, Bauryzhan Baitanayev, Julio Bendezu-Sarmiento, Arman A. Bissembaev, Gian Luca Bonora, Temirlan T. Chargynov, Tatiana Chikisheva, Petr K. Dashkovskiy, Anatoly Derevianko, Miroslav Dobeš, Katerina Douka, Nadezhda Dubova, Meiram N. Duisengali, Dmitry Enshin, Andrey Epimakhov, Alexey V. Fribus, Dorian Fuller, Alexander Goryachev, Andrey Gromov, Sergey P. Grushin, Bryan Hanks, Margaret Judd, Erlan Kazizov, Aleksander Khokhlov, Aleksander P. Krygin, Elena Kupriyanova, Pavel Kuznetsov, Donata Luiselli, Farhod Maksudov, Aslan M. Mamedov, Talgat B. Mamirov, Christopher Meiklejohn, Deborah C. Merrett, Roberto Micheli, Oleg Mochalov, Samariddin Mustafokulov, Ayushi Nayak, Davide Pettener, Richard Potts, Dmitry Razhev, Marina Rykun, Stefania Sarno, Tatyana M. Savenkova, Kulyan Sikhymbaeva, Sergey M. Slepchenko, Oroz A. Soltobaev, Nadezhda Stepanova, Svetlana Svyatko, Kubatbek Tabaldiev, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Alexey A. Tishkin, Vitaly V. Tkachev, Sergey Vasilyev, Petr Velemínský, Dmitriy Voyakin, Antonina Yermolayeva, Muhammad Zahir, Valery S. Zubkov, Alisa Zubova, Vasant S. Shinde, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Matthias Meyer, David Anthony, Nicole Boivin, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Douglas J. Kennett, Michael Frachetti, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich
Science
Genome-wide analysis of ancient DNA from more than 500 individuals from Central and South Asia illuminates the spread of Indo-European languages.
By Vagheesh M. Narasimhan, Nick Patterson, Priya Moorjani, Nadin Rohland, Rebecca Bernardos, Swapan Mallick, Iosif Lazaridis, Nathan Nakatsuka, Iñigo Olalde, Mark Lipson, Alexander M. Kim, Luca M. Olivieri, Alfredo Coppa, Massimo Vidale, James Mallory, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Egor Kitov, Janet Monge, Nicole Adamski, Neel Alex, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Francesca Candilio, Kimberly Callan, Olivia Cheronet, Brendan J. Culleton, Matthew Ferry, Daniel Fernandes, Suzanne Freilich, Beatriz Gamarra, Daniel Gaudio, Mateja Hajdinjak, Éadaoin Harney, Thomas K. Harper, Denise Keating, Ann Marie Lawson, Matthew Mah, Kirsten Mandl, Megan Michel, Mario Novak, Jonas Oppenheimer, Niraj Rai, Kendra Sirak, Viviane Slon, Kristin Stewardson, Fatma Zalzala, Zhao Zhang, Gaziz Akhatov, Anatoly N. Bagashev, Alessandra Bagnera, Bauryzhan Baitanayev, Julio Bendezu-Sarmiento, Arman A. Bissembaev, Gian Luca Bonora, Temirlan T. Chargynov, Tatiana Chikisheva, Petr K. Dashkovskiy, Anatoly Derevianko, Miroslav Dobeš, Katerina Douka, Nadezhda Dubova, Meiram N. Duisengali, Dmitry Enshin, Andrey Epimakhov, Alexey V. Fribus, Dorian Fuller, Alexander Goryachev, Andrey Gromov, Sergey P. Grushin, Bryan Hanks, Margaret Judd, Erlan Kazizov, Aleksander Khokhlov, Aleksander P. Krygin, Elena Kupriyanova, Pavel Kuznetsov, Donata Luiselli, Farhod Maksudov, Aslan M. Mamedov, Talgat B. Mamirov, Christopher Meiklejohn, Deborah C. Merrett, Roberto Micheli, Oleg Mochalov, Samariddin Mustafokulov, Ayushi Nayak, Davide Pettener, Richard Potts, Dmitry Razhev, Marina Rykun, Stefania Sarno, Tatyana M. Savenkova, Kulyan Sikhymbaeva, Sergey M. Slepchenko, Oroz A. Soltobaev, Nadezhda Stepanova, Svetlana Svyatko, Kubatbek Tabaldiev, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Alexey A. Tishkin, Vitaly V. Tkachev, Sergey Vasilyev, Petr Velemínský, Dmitriy Voyakin, Antonina Yermolayeva, Muhammad Zahir, Valery S. Zubkov, Alisa Zubova, Vasant S. Shinde, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Matthias Meyer, David Anthony, Nicole Boivin, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Douglas J. Kennett, Michael Frachetti, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich
Science
Genome-wide analysis of ancient DNA from more than 500 individuals from Central and South Asia illuminates the spread of Indo-European languages.
