PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - BOERSMA, P. DEE
TI  - Breeding Patterns of Galápagos Penguins as an Indicator of Oceanographic Conditions
AID  - 10.1126/science.200.4349.1481
DP  - 1978 Jun 30
TA  - Science
PG  - 1481--1483
VI  - 200
IP  - 4349
4099  - http://science.sciencemag.org/content/200/4349/1481.short
4100  - http://science.sciencemag.org/content/200/4349/1481.full
SO  - Science1978 Jun 30; 200
AB  - Surface water changes associated with El Niño have been known to affect deleteriously top carnivores along coastal South America. Data on the breeding strategies of Galápagos penguins and other seabirds indicate that the biological effects of El Niño extend much farther west. The breeding biology of these seabirds is adapted to frequent changes in productivity which are associated with El Niño.