PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hughes, T. P.
AU  - Baird, A. H.
AU  - Bellwood, D. R.
AU  - Card, M.
AU  - Connolly, S. R.
AU  - Folke, C.
AU  - Grosberg, R.
AU  - Hoegh-Guldberg, O.
AU  - Jackson, J. B. C.
AU  - Kleypas, J.
AU  - Lough, J. M.
AU  - Marshall, P.
AU  - Nyström, M.
AU  - Palumbi, S. R.
AU  - Pandolfi, J. M.
AU  - Rosen, B.
AU  - Roughgarden, J.
TI  - Climate Change, Human Impacts, and the Resilience of Coral Reefs
AID  - 10.1126/science.1085046
DP  - 2003 Aug 15
TA  - Science
PG  - 929--933
VI  - 301
IP  - 5635
4099  - http://science.sciencemag.org/content/301/5635/929.short
4100  - http://science.sciencemag.org/content/301/5635/929.full
SO  - Science2003 Aug 15; 301
AB  - The diversity, frequency, and scale of human impacts on coral reefs are increasing to the extent that reefs are threatened globally. Projected increases in carbon dioxide and temperature over the next 50 years exceed the conditions under which coral reefs have flourished over the past half-million years. However, reefs will change rather than disappear entirely, with some species already showing far greater tolerance to climate change and coral bleaching than others. International integration of management strategies that support reef resilience need to be vigorously implemented, and complemented by strong policy decisions to reduce the rate of global warming.