RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Cancer Regression in Patients After Transfer of Genetically Engineered Lymphocytes JF Science JO Science FD American Association for the Advancement of Science SP 126 OP 129 DO 10.1126/science.1129003 VO 314 IS 5796 A1 Morgan, Richard A. A1 Dudley, Mark E. A1 Wunderlich, John R. A1 Hughes, Marybeth S. A1 Yang, James C. A1 Sherry, Richard M. A1 Royal, Richard E. A1 Topalian, Suzanne L. A1 Kammula, Udai S. A1 Restifo, Nicholas P. A1 Zheng, Zhili A1 Nahvi, Azam A1 de Vries, Christiaan R. A1 Rogers-Freezer, Linda J. A1 Mavroukakis, Sharon A. A1 Rosenberg, Steven A. YR 2006 UL http://science.sciencemag.org/content/314/5796/126.abstract AB Through the adoptive transfer of lymphocytes after host immunodepletion, it is possible to mediate objective cancer regression in human patients with metastatic melanoma. However, the generation of tumor-specific T cells in this mode of immunotherapy is often limiting. Here we report the ability to specifically confer tumor recognition by autologous lymphocytes from peripheral blood by using a retrovirus that encodes a T cell receptor. Adoptive transfer of these transduced cells in 15 patients resulted in durable engraftment at levels exceeding 10% of peripheral blood lymphocytes for at least 2 months after the infusion. We observed high sustained levels of circulating, engineered cells at 1 year after infusion in two patients who both demonstrated objective regression of metastatic melanoma lesions. This study suggests the therapeutic potential of genetically engineered cells for the biologic therapy of cancer.