RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Odor Cues During Slow-Wave Sleep Prompt Declarative Memory Consolidation JF Science JO Science FD American Association for the Advancement of Science SP 1426 OP 1429 DO 10.1126/science.1138581 VO 315 IS 5817 A1 Rasch, Björn A1 Büchel, Christian A1 Gais, Steffen A1 Born, Jan YR 2007 UL http://science.sciencemag.org/content/315/5817/1426.abstract AB Sleep facilitates memory consolidation. A widely held model assumes that this is because newly encoded memories undergo covert reactivation during sleep. We cued new memories in humans during sleep by presenting an odor that had been presented as context during prior learning, and so showed that reactivation indeed causes memory consolidation during sleep. Re-exposure to the odor during slow-wave sleep (SWS) improved the retention of hippocampus-dependent declarative memories but not of hippocampus-independent procedural memories. Odor re-exposure was ineffective during rapid eye movement sleep or wakefulness or when the odor had been omitted during prior learning. Concurring with these findings, functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant hippocampal activation in response to odor re-exposure during SWS.