RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Holocene history of ENSO variance and asymmetry in the eastern tropical Pacific
JF Science
JO Science
FD American Association for the Advancement of Science
SP 1045
OP 1048
DO 10.1126/science.1252220
VO 345
IS 6200
A1 Carré, Matthieu
A1 Sachs, Julian P.
A1 Purca, Sara
A1 Schauer, Andrew J.
A1 Braconnot, Pascale
A1 Falcón, Rommel Angeles
A1 Julien, Michèle
A1 Lavallée, Danièle
YR 2014
UL http://science.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/1045.abstract
AB El Niño has changed quite a bit over the past 10,000 years. During some periods it was less variable than now, and during others it shifted from its current locale toward the central Pacific. Carré et al. analyzed the shells of mollusks from Peru to construct a record of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the eastern Pacific over the Holocene period. They compared this record with other records from the rest of the Pacific to reveal how much the strength and frequency of El Niños changed and how their positions varied.Science, this issue p. 1045 Understanding the response of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to global warming requires quantitative data on ENSO under different climate regimes. Here, we present a reconstruction of ENSO in the eastern tropical Pacific spanning the past 10,000 years derived from oxygen isotopes in fossil mollusk shells from Peru. We found that ENSO variance was close to the modern level in the early Holocene and severely damped ~4000 to 5000 years ago. In addition, ENSO variability was skewed toward cold events along coastal Peru 6700 to 7500 years ago owing to a shift of warm anomalies toward the Central Pacific. The modern ENSO regime was established ~3000 to 4500 years ago. We conclude that ENSO was sensitive to changes in climate boundary conditions during the Holocene, including but not limited to insolation.