Table 1 Cross-cultural associations between song and other behaviors.

We tested 20 hypothesized associations between song and other behaviors by comparing the frequency of a behavior in song-related passages to that in comparably-sized samples of text from the same sources that are not about song. Behavior was identified with two methods: topic annotations from the Outline of Cultural Materials (“OCM identifiers”) and automatic detection of related keywords (“WordNet seed words”; see table S19). Significance tests compared the frequencies in the passages in the full Probability Sample File containing song-related keywords (“Song freq.”) with the frequencies in a simulated null distribution of passages randomly selected from the same documents (“Null freq.”). ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, using adjusted P values (88); 95% intervals for the null distribution are in parentheses.