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*/.fa{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-transform:translate(0);transform:translate(0)}.fa-lg{font-size:1.33333333em;line-height:.75em;vertical-align:-15%}.fa-2x{font-size:2em}.fa-3x{font-size:3em}.fa-4x{font-size:4em}.fa-5x{font-size:5em}.fa-fw{width:1.28571429em;text-align:center}.fa-ul{padding-left:0;margin-left:2.14285714em;list-style-type:none}.fa-ul>li{position:relative}.fa-li{position:absolute;left:-2.14285714em;width:2.14285714em;top:.14285714em;text-align:center}.fa-li.fa-lg{left:-1.85714286em}.fa-stack{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:2em;height:2em;line-height:2em;vertical-align:middle}.fa-stack-1x,.fa-stack-2x{position:absolute;left:0;width:100%;text-align:center}.fa-stack-1x{line-height:inherit}.fa-stack-2x{font-size:2em}.fa-inverse{color:#fff}.fa-search:before{content:"\f002"}.fa-envelope:before{content:"\f0e0"}.fa-external-link:before{content:"\f08e"}.fa-twitter:before{content:"\f099"}.fa-facebook:before{content:"\f09a"}.fa-reddit:before{content:"\f1a1"}.fa-rss:before{content:"\f09e"}.fa-play:before{content:"\f04b"}.fa-circle:before{content:"\f111"}.fa-bars:before,.fa-navicon:before,.fa-reorder:before{content:"\f0c9"}.fa-google-plus:before{content:"\f0d5"}.fa-long-arrow-up:before{content:"\f176"}.fa-file-pdf-o:before{content:"\f1c1"}.fa-print:before{content:"\f02f"}.fa-download:before{content:"\f019"}.fa-folder-open-o:before{content:"\f115"}.fa-bullhorn:before{content:"\f0a1"}.fa-copyright:before{content:"\f1f9"}.fa-globe:before{content:"\f0ac"}.fa-flag:before{content:"\f024"}.fa-mail-forward:before,.fa-share:before{content:"\f064"}.fa-lock:before{content:"\f023"}.fa-unlock-alt:before{content:"\f13e"}.fa-youtube-play:before{content:"\f16a"}.fa-caret-down:before{content:"\f0d7"}.fa-caret-up:before{content:"\f0d8"}.fa-caret-left:before{content:"\f0d9"}.fa-caret-right:before{content:"\f0da"}.fa-instagram:before{content:"\f16d"}.fa-linkedin:before{content:"\f0e1"}.fa-pinterest-p:before{content:"\f231"}.fa-calendar:before{content:"\f073"}.fa-sign-in:before{content:"\f090"}.fa-reddit-alien:before{content:"\f281"}
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